Stroke & Turn
Observe swims, apply the technical rules consistently and help ensure that every athlete is judged by the same standard.
FAIR • CONSISTENT • ATHLETE-CENTERED
Great officiating gives athletes a fair field of play, gives coaches confidence in the process, and helps every meet operate with consistency, professionalism and respect.
SIERRA NEVADA • START HERE
Start with the SNS Stroke & Turn pathway. New national Administrative Officials follow a separate course and training route; ask the SNS Officials Chair before beginning.
Checklist marks are a planning aid saved only in this browser. USA Swimming and SNS confirm your membership and certification.
Ask your club registrar for the official non-athlete registration link, or use Deck Pass. SNS currently lists an $80 membership fee.
Complete APT, background check and concussion training. California residents also complete CANRA. Email your concussion certificate to Mark Brown, SNS Registrar.
Complete the SNS New Official form for apprentice status, training paperwork and updates.
In USA Swimming University, take Foundations of Officiating, then Stroke and Turn Certification.
Complete at least four apprentice sessions at two different meets. Freestyle-only sessions do not count. Print the SNS training form and obtain signatures.
Email the signed form to officials@snswimming.org after completing the requirements. Confirm certification before accepting a certified assignment.
Registration and background checks have costs. Ask your club about reimbursement. Register before enrolling to access member course pricing.
Based on SNS instructions updated October 1, 2026. Resources reviewed October 7, 2026.
USA Swimming offers Junior Stroke & Turn and Junior Administrative Official pathways for premium athlete members. Complete the relevant course, youth Safe Sport training, concussion training and on-deck requirements. At 18, APT and a background check are required. Confirm the SNS junior process with the Officials Chair.
Open USA Swimming account · SNS returning-official resources
Check rule changes before every meet. USA Swimming publishes amendments that supersede corresponding passages in the PDF and printed rulebook.
Clinics: check SNS announcements or email the SNS Officials Chair. No unconfirmed clinic dates are listed here.
Find your home LSC or the LSC hosting your next meet. Ask the host about assignments, visiting officials and apprentice training before travelling.
Information updated Oct 11, 2026. Updated automatically once each month from USA Swimming. Missing references or blank fields keep the existing information.
Select a zone banner to expand or collapse it. Column headings sort within each zone.
| Central | Arkansas | teamunify.com | Sandy Drake | Bella Vista, AR | (808) 298-8091 | sandydrakemaui@gmail.com |
| Central | Illinois | ilswim.org | Steve Fidanze | Wauconda, IL | (224) 433-1227 | officials@ilswim.org |
| Central | Indiana | inswimming.org | Mickey Smythe | Noblesville, IN | (317) 748-9888 | Not listed |
| Central | Iowa | teamunify.com | Bill Brown | Iowa City, IA | (817) 879-8775 | officialschair@iaswim.org |
| Central | Lake Erie | lakeerieswimming.com | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Central | Michigan | miswim.org | Holly Russell | Rochester Hills, MI | (248) 872-7464 | holly.russell@miswim.org |
| Central | Midwestern | mwswim.org | Dan Brailita | Omaha, NE | (402) 460-7900 | danmino2000@gmail.com |
| Central | Minnesota | mnswim.org | Kerra Mayor | Champlin, MN | (763) 323-6865 | mnoc.swim@gmail.com |
| Central | Missouri Valley | gomotionapp.com | Judith Deedy | Mission Hills, KS | (816) 896-0318 | mvs.officialschair@gmail.com |
| Central | Missouri Valley | gomotionapp.com | Joe Farthing | Lawrence, KS | (785) 764-2422 | mvs.officialschair@gmail.com |
| Central | North Dakota | ndswimming.org | Chris Domitrovich | West Fargo, ND | (701) 212-0696 | Christopher_domitrovich@yahoo.com |
| Central | Ohio | swimohio.com | Edgar Caraballo | Oxford, OH | (513) 461-1458 | Caraballo.ej@gmail.com |
| Central | Oklahoma | oks.org | Craig Hanson | Jenks, OK | (918) 607-4171 | chansonok@outlook.com |
| Central | Ozark | teamunify.com | Jeff McCoskey | Marion, IL | (618) 889-1672 | mailto:Jmack6r@hotmail.com |
| Central | South Dakota | sdswimming.org | Colby Lee | Sioux Falls, SD | (605) 370-0748 | officialschair@sdswimming.org |
| Central | Wisconsin | teamunify.com | Mike Mellock | Greendale, WI | (414) 687-5456 | officialschair@wisconsinswimming.org |
| Eastern | Adirondack | adirondackswimming.org | Joann Faucett | Charlton, NY | H: (518) 399-0494 W: (518) 370-3170 M: (518) 496-6136 | faucettjm@aol.com |
| Eastern | Allegheny Mountain | amswim.org | Donna Beyerl | Glenshaw, PA | (412) 977-7036 | donna.beyerl@amswim.org |
| Eastern | Connecticut | ctswim.org | Dylan Lee & Margy Sargent | Shelton, CT | (203) 981-0718 | officials@ctswim.org |
| Eastern | Maine | maineswimming.org | Amanda Gleason | Bangor, ME | (207) 852-2804 | mesiofficialschair@gmail.com |
| Eastern | Maryland | mdswim.org | Michael Cleary | Frederick, MD | (301) 712-7965 | mcmacswim@gmail.com |
| Eastern | Metropolitan | metroswimming.org | Jennifer Bancroft | Chappaqua, NY | (917) 359-6728 | officialschair@metroswimming.org |
| Eastern | Middle Atlantic | gomotionapp.com | Coleman Bye | Doylestown, PA | (302) 530-8588 | corky@mercantilepress.com |
| Eastern | New England | neswim.com | Jess Workman | Chelmsford, MA | W: (978) 454-9414 C: (978) 808-0328 | jessworkmanswim@gmail.com |
| Eastern | New Jersey | njswim.org | Judy Sharkey | Forked River, NJ | M: (732) 887-2418 | jmsharkey@aol.com |
| Eastern | Niagara | niagaraswim.org | Bob Nicita | Baldwinsville, NY | (315) 263-3054 | officials@niagaraswim.org |
| Eastern | Potomac Valley | pvswim.org | Barb Ship | Rockville, MD | (301) 520-4624 | officialschair@pvswim.org |
| Eastern | Virginia | gomotionapp.com | Michael Sizemore | Stafford, VA | (540) 834-8120 | officialschair@virginiaswimming.org |
| Southern | Border | teamunify.com | Brett Elliott | El Paso, TX | (832) 868-8390 | brett.r.elliott+swim@gmail.com |
| Southern | Florida Gold Coast | fgcswim.org | Kathy Fish | Tamarac, FL | (518) 253-2548 | albanyfish@yahoo.com |
| Southern | Florida | floridaswimming.org | Gary Sanderson | Venice, FL | (717) 330-0950 | gary.sanderson@me.com> |
| Southern | Georgia | gaswim.org | Jason Frankel | Marietta, GA | (770) 490-3033 | officials@gaswim.org |
| Southern | Gulf | gomotionapp.com | Fred Bogar | Houston, TX | (858) 335-2596 | Officialschair@gulfswimming.org |
| Southern | Kentucky | kylsc.org | Jason Brown | Louisville, KY | (502) 428-6041 | kylscoc@gmail.com |
| Southern | Louisiana | louisianaswimming.org | Lomax Napper | Ruston, LA | (318) 243-8889 | lomax@marbury.company |
| Southern | Mississippi | msswim.org | Jennifer McCaffery | Madison, MS | (803) 760-5239 | mccafferyje@hotmail.com |
| Southern | North Carolina | ncswim.org | Rob Stevens | Greensboro, NC | (336) 686-4570 | robstevens@triad.rr.com |
| Southern | North Texas | ntswim.org | Lorraine Temple | Rockwall, TX | (214) 384-1998 | lorraine.temple@ntswim.org |
| Southern | South Carolina | sc-swimming.org | Brent Lightfoot | Pawleys Island, SC | (630) 277-0104 | officials@sc-swimming.org |
| Southern | South Texas | stswim.org | Steve Mandacina | San Antonio, TX | (210) 376-1949 | officialschair@stswim.org |
| Southern | Southeastern | teamunify.com | Gary Heapy | Fort Walton Beach, FL | (850) 585-5514 | gheapy@theflooringauthority.com |
| Southern | West Texas | teamunify.com | David Sites | Midland, TX | (432) 553-3258 | David.sites93@gmail.com |
| Southern | West Virginia | teamunify.com | Rob Clevenger | Rivesville, WV | (304) 476-3444 | robwvufan@yahoo.com |
| Western | Alaska | akswimming.org | Catherine Foy | Kodiak, AK | (907) 713-5744 | alaskaofficials@gmail.com |
| Western | Arizona | azswimming.org | John Rajadas | Chandler, AZ | (480) 510-0372 | officials@azswimming.org |
| Western | Central California | centralcalswim.org | Taylor Kahn | Fresno, CA | (559) 779-4892 | twkahn@btconsult.net |
| Western | Colorado | swimcolorado.org | Derigan Silver | Denver, CO | (720) 544-1768 | officialschair@swimcolorado.org |
| Western | Hawaiian | teamunify.com | Stephanie Monahan | Mililani, HI | (540) 413-6687 | samonahan17@gmail.com |
| Western | Inland Empire | ieswim.org | Keith Lambert | Spokane, WA | (509) 844-1993 | Ktlamber707@gmail.com |
| Western | Montana | mtswimming.com | Eric Belasco | Bozeman, MT | (406) 577-6335 | ericbelasco@gmail.com |
| Western | New Mexico | gomotionapp.com | Debbie Schmidt | Albuquerque, NM | (970) 749-3565 | officials@nmswimming.org |
| Western | Oregon | oregonswimming.org | Bill Shreeve | Corvallis, OR | (541) 740-3711 | bill.shreeve1@gmail.com |
| Western | Pacific Northwest | gomotionapp.com | Ed Lesnick | Kent, WA | (207) 755-9638 | edlesnick01@gmail.com |
| Western | Pacific | pacswim.org | Philip Grant | Benicia, CA | (707) 280-4008 | pgrant@pacswim.org |
| Western | San Diego-Imperial | si-swimming.com | Bob Horne | San Diego, CA | (858) 578-4965 | bob.horne@si-swimming.com |
| Western | Sierra Nevada | teamunify.com | Jason Shibata | Roseville, CA | (916) 275-5845 | jasonshibata21@gmail.com |
| Western | Snake River | snakeriverswimming.org | Glenn Roth | Idaho Falls, ID | (208) 523-1002 | swimmerg1@hotmail.com |
| Western | Southern California | socalswim.org | Carol Cracchiolo | Pasadena, CA | (213) 200-9410 | fixn2b@att.net |
| Western | Utah | teamunify.com | Julie Floyd | Hurricane, UT | (859) 913-2253 | jfloyd0202@gmail.com |
| Western | Wyoming | teamunify.com | Daniel Diver | Powell, WY | (530) 370-2002 | daniel_diver@comcast.net |
Publisher sources: LSC websites ↗ · Officials chairpersons ↗
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These examples offer additional training and reference material. Follow your own LSC’s certification process.
THE OFFICIAL PATHWAY
Officials develop through education, supervised practice and progressively greater responsibility. TEAMGOLDUSA keeps coach education and official credentials distinct so each qualification can be understood in the context in which it is used.
Observe swims, apply the technical rules consistently and help ensure that every athlete is judged by the same standard.
Manage the beginning of each race with clear commands, consistent procedure and an athlete-centered understanding of the start.
Support accurate timing, athlete flow, heat organization and the operational details that keep competition moving.
Help manage entries, results, timing-system information, administrative rules and the records that make results trustworthy.
Coordinate the officiating team, resolve questions, protect consistency across sessions and keep the meet focused on fair competition.
Develop additional knowledge for open-water competition and other specialized meet roles as opportunities and qualifications permit.
Explore the shared rules learning plan. Practice spotting what happened, choosing the applicable rule, and explaining a fair decision.
Explore Rules Challenges →Sharpen event, heat, lane, timing, and race-observation accuracy using the same real-race training environment used by TEAMGOLDUSA data collectors.
Explore Games →HOW TEAMGOLDUSA SUPPORTS OFFICIALS